Nanjing 南京市 — Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties
Nanjing is one of China's Four Great Ancient Capitals, serving as the capital of six dynasties and the Republic of China. The city's 2,500-year history is visible everywhere — from the massive Ming Dynasty city wall to the elegant Confucius Temple area along the Qinhuai River.
Despite its ancient pedigree, Nanjing is a modern, livable city with excellent universities, tree-lined streets, and a thriving food scene. The city played pivotal roles in both Chinese and world history, including the tragic Nanjing Massacre of 1937.
Nanjing sits on the Yangtze River and is surrounded by purple mountains, giving it a natural beauty that complements its historical significance. The combination of culture, scenery, and modernity makes it one of China's most rewarding cities to explore.
The final resting place of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, father of modern China, perched on the forested slopes of Purple Mountain (紫金山). The 392-step granite ascent leads to a striking white memorial hall with a seated statue of Sun. The surrounding area includes the Ming Xiaoling Tomb (UNESCO), Linggu Temple, and the Meiling Palace.
Hours: 8:30–17:00 (closed Mon)
Admission: Free (reserve online)
A solemn and powerful memorial dedicated to the victims of the 1937 Nanjing Massacre. The museum documents the events through photographs, artifacts, survivor testimonies, and excavated mass grave sites. An essential visit for understanding 20th-century Chinese history. The outdoor memorial area is deeply moving.
Hours: 8:30–16:30 (closed Mon)
Admission: Free (bring ID/passport)
Nanjing's most vibrant cultural area, centered on the Confucius Temple along the Qinhuai River. By day, explore traditional architecture, museums, and the Imperial Examination Hall. By night, the area transforms with neon lights, boat rides, and street food stalls selling salted duck, duck blood vermicelli soup, and pan-fried beef dumplings. The riverside lantern displays are spectacular year-round.
Hours: Area open 24h, museums 9:00–17:00
Admission: Area free, museums ¥25–40
The longest surviving ancient city wall in the world, originally built between 1366–1393. The wall stretches 35 km with sections open for walking, offering views of both the old and new city. The Xuanwu Lake Gate (玄武门) and Zhonghua Gate (中华门) sections are the most accessible. The massive Zhonghua Gate fortress contains 27 hidden soldier tunnels.
Hours: 8:00–17:00
Admission: ¥30–50 depending on section
One of China's largest imperial lakes, set against the backdrop of Purple Mountain. The park covers 5.13 sq km with five islands connected by arched bridges. Boat rentals, cycling paths, and cherry blossoms in spring make this Nanjing's most popular urban escape. The lake has been a public park since 1911.
Hours: 6:00–21:00
Admission: Free