Fushun 抚顺市 — Coal Mining Heritage & Manchu Origins
Fushun is China's coal capital and the birthplace of the Qing Dynasty — Nurhaci founded the Later Jin state here in 1616. The city's coal mines powered China's industrialization for over a century.
The Fushun War Criminals Management Center is historically significant — this is where Japanese war criminals from WWII were held, re-educated, and eventually released. A unique Cold War-era story.
Fushun's Hetuala City (赫图阿拉) was the first capital of the Manchu state and is preserved as a heritage site.
The prison where 982 Japanese war criminals (including Class-A criminals) were held from 1950-1964, re-educated, and eventually repatriated to Japan. The museum tells the remarkable story of how former enemies were transformed through education. Also held Chiang Kai-shek's last Manchurian generals. A unique perspective on post-WWII justice.
Hours: 9:00–16:00 (closed Mon)
Admission: ¥40
The original capital of the Later Jin state, founded by Nurhaci in 1616. The reconstructed walled city contains the original palace foundations, temples, and displays of Manchu culture. This is where the Qing Dynasty story began before the conquest of Beijing.
Hours: 8:30–17:00
Admission: ¥60
One of Asia's largest open-pit coal mines, in operation since 1914. The viewing platform overlooks the massive 10 sq km pit, which is 4 km long and 2 km wide, reaching 400 meters deep. An impressive sight showing the scale of China's industrial might.
Hours: 8:30–16:30
Admission: ¥30